Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of TYPE 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in zone I. Methods: Preterm infants with TYPE 1 ROP in zone I (zone I ROP, any stage with plus disease or zone I ROP, stage 3 without plus disease) were enrolled in this prospective study. Intravitreal bevacizumab (0. 625 mg/0. 025 ml) was injected under topical anesthesia. The patients were followed-up weekly for 4 weeks and, then, biweekly till 90 weeks gestational age. Results: Seventy eyes of 35 patients with TYPE 1 ROP in zone I were enrolled. At a gestational age of 90 weeks, ROP regressed with complete or near􀀀 complete peripheral retinal vascularization, in 82. 9% of eyes after a single injection and in 92. 9% of eyes after up to two injections. In 5 eyes (7. 1%), ROP progressed to stage 4B or 5, so that surgical management was required. There were no major complications such as endophthalmitis, cataract, or vitreous hemorrhage after injection. Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection is an effective method for the management of patients with Zone I ROP requiring treatment; however, some cases may progress to more advanced stages and require surgical management. Close monitoring for recurrence or progression is necessary. Eyes with persistent zone I ROP may progress to advanced stages when treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection and re􀀀 treatment may be needed.

Paratuberculosis caused byMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is a progressive, chronic and noncurable granulomatous enteritis. Paratuberculosis affects ruminants worldwide. The earliest reports on paratuberculosis in Iran date back to 1960’s when the disease was diagnosed in imported animals of the Abadan Oil Company’s farm. In the work presented here 13 field MAP isolates including 4 ovine and 3 caprine isolates from Isfahan, 6 bovine isolates from Zanjan and Alborz provinces plus 2 vaccinal strains of 316F and III & V were subjected to PCR-IS900, PCR-F57 for identification and also PCR-Collins for typing. In consequence, while an identical PCR protocol was successfully developed to simultaneously perform all the three experiments, the 15 tested bacteria were all shown to be MAP TYPE II (cattle TYPE). In epidemiological sense, when the size of national goat, sheep and cattle herds of Iran is taken into account, circulation of MAP TYPE II is intriguing.

Introduction: Tyrosinemia is a congenital metabolic disease in which the breakdown of the amino acid tyrosine is reduced and its amount is increased in the body. Tyrosine metabolites can involve specific organs that according to the clinical manifestations there are three TYPEs of this disease. Case: This article reports TYPE 1 tyrosinemia in a 2-year-old child who complained of urinary problem and restlessness. Despite the absence of pathological findings in fetal ultrasound screening, imaging findings indicate involvement of both kidneys. Conclusions: It is a rare, inherited and metabolic disease that despite the challenges of diagnosis has simple cure.

Background and Aim: Mucopolysaccharidosis TYPE I (MPS I) is a rare and highly progressive autosomal recessive, genetically-metabolic disorder that results of the mutation in the gene responsible for the production of Alpha-L-Iduronidase enzyme, which ultimately leads to destruction and cell death of tissues. The patient is asymptomatic at the time of birth, but few months after birth, symptoms gradually appear in the person's phenoTYPE. Respiratory, skeletal, neurological, cardiac, gastrointestinal and ocular disorders are obvious in these patients. The purpose of this study is reporting a case of MPS I.Patient introduction: The patient is a 7 years old boy, repeatedly admitted to the Heshmatieh Hospital of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, due to a weak immune system, high fever, and complications of his MPS genetic disease. At 2.5 years old, MPS had been definitively diagnosed.Conclusion: In this patient, almost all symptoms of the Hurler syndrome including third tonsil, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, large skull, large tongue, ocular corneal opacity, and the presence of yellow spots in sclera, spinal deviation, Umbilical hernia, hearing loss and the stenosis of the mitral valve were seen. Unfortunately, due to the lack of definitive treatment, only 20% of the patients have a chance of survival and recovery. MPS usually leads in death before the age of 20.